《中国教(jiao)育现代化(hua) 2035》分为(wei)五个部分:一、战(zhan)略背景;二、总体思(si)路;三、战(zhan)略任务;四、实施(shi)路径;五、保障措施(shi)。
《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua) 2035》提(ti)出推(tui)(tui)进(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)指导(dao)思想(xiang)是:以(yi)习近平新时代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色社(she)(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)思想(xiang)为(wei)指导(dao),全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)贯彻党(dang)的(de)十(shi)九大(da)和(he)十(shi)九届二中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)会(hui)精神(shen),坚(jian)定实(shi)施科(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)兴国(guo)(guo)战略(lve)、人(ren)才(cai)强国(guo)(guo)战略(lve),紧紧围绕(rao)统筹推(tui)(tui)进(jin)“五(wu)位(wei)一体”总体布(bu)(bu)局和(he)协(xie)调推(tui)(tui)进(jin)“四个(ge)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)”战略(lve)布(bu)(bu)局,坚(jian)定“四个(ge)自(zi)信”,在党(dang)的(de)坚(jian)强领导(dao)下,全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)贯彻党(dang)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)方(fang)针,坚(jian)持马(ma)克思主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)指导(dao)地位(wei),坚(jian)持中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色社(she)(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)发展(zhan)道路,坚(jian)持社(she)(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)办(ban)学方(fang)向,立足(zu)基本国(guo)(guo)情,遵循教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)规律,坚(jian)持改(gai)革(ge)创新,以(yi)凝聚人(ren)心、完善(shan)人(ren)格、开发人(ren)力、培育(yu)(yu)人(ren)才(cai)、造福人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)为(wei)工作(zuo)目(mu)标(biao),培养德智体美劳全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)发展(zhan)的(de)社(she)(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)建设者(zhe)和(he)接班人(ren),加快推(tui)(tui)进(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)、建设教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)强国(guo)(guo)、办(ban)好(hao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)满(man)意的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。将服(fu)务中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华民(min)(min)(min)族伟大(da)复兴作(zuo)为(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)重要使命(ming),坚(jian)持教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)为(wei)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)服(fu)务、为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)共(gong)产党(dang)治(zhi)国(guo)(guo)理(li)政服(fu)务、为(wei)巩固(gu)和(he)发展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色社(she)(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)制度服(fu)务、为(wei)改(gai)革(ge)开放和(he)社(she)(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)建设服(fu)务,优先(xian)发展(zhan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu),大(da)力推(tui)(tui)进(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)理(li)念、体系(xi)、制度、内容、方(fang)法、治(zhi)理(li)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua),着力提(ti)高教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)质(zhi)量,促进(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)公(gong)平,优化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)结构,为(wei)决胜全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)建成小康社(she)(she)会(hui)、实(shi)现(xian)新时代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色社(she)(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)发展(zhan)的(de)奋斗目(mu)标(biao)提(ti)供有力支撑。
《中国(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)育现(xian)(xian)代化 2035》提出(chu)了(le)推(tui)进(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育现(xian)(xian)代化的八(ba)大基本理念:更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以德(de)为先(xian),更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)面(mian)发(fa)展,更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)向人(ren)人(ren),更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)终身学习,更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因材施教(jiao)(jiao),更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)知行合一,更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)融合发(fa)展,更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共建(jian)共享。明确了(le)推(tui)进(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育现(xian)(xian)代化的基本原(yuan)则(ze):坚(jian)持(chi)(chi)党的领导、坚(jian)持(chi)(chi)中国(guo)特色、坚(jian)持(chi)(chi)优先(xian)发(fa)展、坚(jian)持(chi)(chi)服务人(ren)民、坚(jian)持(chi)(chi)改革创新、坚(jian)持(chi)(chi)依法治教(jiao)(jiao)、坚(jian)持(chi)(chi)统(tong)筹(chou)推(tui)进(jin)。
《中国(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)现(xian)代(dai)化(hua) 2035》提(ti)出,推进教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)现(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)总体目标(biao)(biao)是(shi):到 2020 年(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)面(mian)(mian)实(shi)现(xian)“十(shi)三(san)五”发展(zhan)目标(biao)(biao),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)总体实(shi)力(li)(li)和国(guo)际影响(xiang)力(li)(li)显著增(zeng)强(qiang),劳动年(nian)(nian)(nian)龄人(ren)(ren)口平均受(shou)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)限明(ming)显增(zeng)加,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)现(xian)代(dai)化(hua)取得(de)重(zhong)要(yao)进展(zhan),为全(quan)面(mian)(mian)建(jian)成(cheng)小康社(she)会(hui)作(zuo)出重(zhong)要(yao)贡献。在此基(ji)础(chu)上,再(zai)经过 15 年(nian)(nian)(nian)努力(li)(li),到 2035 年(nian)(nian)(nian),总体实(shi)现(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)现(xian)代(dai)化(hua),迈(mai)入教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)强(qiang)国(guo)行列,推动我国(guo)成(cheng)为学(xue)(xue)习大国(guo)、人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)资(zi)源强(qiang)国(guo)和人(ren)(ren)才强(qiang)国(guo),为到本世纪中叶建(jian)成(cheng)富(fu)强(qiang)民(min)主(zhu)文(wen)明(ming)和谐美丽的(de)(de)社(she)会(hui)主(zhu)义现(xian)代(dai)化(hua)强(qiang)国(guo)奠定坚实(shi)基(ji)础(chu)。2035年(nian)(nian)(nian)主(zhu)要(yao)发展(zhan)目标(biao)(biao)是(shi):建(jian)成(cheng)服(fu)务全(quan)民(min)终身学(xue)(xue)习的(de)(de)现(xian)代(dai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)体系、普及有质量的(de)(de)学(xue)(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、实(shi)现(xian)优质均衡的(de)(de)义务教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、全(quan)面(mian)(mian)普及高中阶(jie)段教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、职业教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)务能力(li)(li)显著提(ti)升(sheng)、高等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)竞争力(li)(li)明(ming)显提(ti)升(sheng)、残(can)疾儿童少年(nian)(nian)(nian)享有适合的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、形成(cheng)全(quan)社(she)会(hui)共同(tong)参与(yu)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)治理新格局。
《中(zhong)国教育现代化 2035》聚(ju)焦教育发(fa)展(zhan)的突出问题和薄弱环节,立足当(dang)前,着(zhe)眼长远,重点部(bu)署了面向教育现代化的十大战略任务:
一是学(xue)习(xi)(xi)(xi)习(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)新时(shi)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色(se)(se)社会(hui)(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想。把学(xue)习(xi)(xi)(xi)贯彻(che)习(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)新时(shi)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色(se)(se)社会(hui)(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想作为首要任务,贯穿到教(jiao)育改革发展全过(guo)程(cheng),落实到教(jiao)育现代(dai)(dai)化(hua)各领域各环节(jie)。以习(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)新时(shi)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色(se)(se)社会(hui)(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想武装(zhuang)教(jiao)育战线,推动习(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)新时(shi)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色(se)(se)社会(hui)(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想进(jin)教(jiao)材进(jin)课堂进(jin)头脑,将习(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)新时(shi)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色(se)(se)社会(hui)(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想融入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小学(xue)教(jiao)育,加(jia)强高等学(xue)校(xiao)思(si)想政治(zhi)教(jiao)育。加(jia)强习(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)新时(shi)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色(se)(se)社会(hui)(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想系统化(hua)、学(xue)理(li)化(hua)、学(xue)科(ke)化(hua)研(yan)究阐释,健全习(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)新时(shi)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色(se)(se)社会(hui)(hui)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想研(yan)究成果传(chuan)播机(ji)制。
二是发展(zhan)中国特(te)色(se)世(shi)界先进水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)优(you)质(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)落实(shi)立(li)(li)(li)德(de)树(shu)人(ren)根本任(ren)务,广(guang)泛开展(zhan)理(li)想(xiang)信(xin)念(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu),厚植爱(ai)国主(zhu)(zhu)义(yi)情怀,加强(qiang)品德(de)修(xiu)养(yang)(yang)(yang),增(zeng)长知识见识,培(pei)养(yang)(yang)(yang)奋斗精神(shen),不断(duan)提高学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)思想(xiang)水(shui)平(ping)、政治觉悟(wu)、道(dao)德(de)品质(zhi)、文(wen)化(hua)素(su)养(yang)(yang)(yang)。增(zeng)强(qiang)综(zong)合素(su)质(zhi),树(shu)立(li)(li)(li)健(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)第一(yi)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)理(li)念(nian),全(quan)(quan)面(mian)强(qiang)化(hua)学(xue)(xue)(xue)校体育(yu)(yu)工作(zuo),全(quan)(quan)面(mian)加强(qiang)和(he)改进学(xue)(xue)(xue)校美(mei)育(yu)(yu),弘(hong)扬劳动(dong)精神(shen),强(qiang)化(hua)实(shi)践动(dong)手能力(li)、合作(zuo)能力(li)、创新(xin)能力(li)的(de)(de)培(pei)养(yang)(yang)(yang)。完善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)体系(xi)(xi)(xi),制(zhi)定(ding)覆盖全(quan)(quan)学(xue)(xue)(xue)段、体现(xian)(xian)世(shi)界先进水(shui)平(ping)、符(fu)合不同层次类型教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)特(te)点的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun),明确学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)发展(zhan)核(he)心素(su)养(yang)(yang)(yang)要(yao)求。完善学(xue)(xue)(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)保教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)。建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)中小(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)各学(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)学(xue)(xue)(xue)业质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)和(he)体质(zhi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)。健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)职(zhi)业教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)养(yang)(yang)(yang)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun),制(zhi)定(ding)紧跟时代发展(zhan)的(de)(de)多样化(hua)高等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)养(yang)(yang)(yang)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)。建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)以师资配(pei)备、生(sheng)均(jun)拨款(kuan)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)设(she)施设(she)备等资源要(yao)素(su)为(wei)核(he)心的(de)(de)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)体系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)办学(xue)(xue)(xue)条件(jian)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)动(dong)态调整机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。加强(qiang)课(ke)程教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材体系(xi)(xi)(xi)建(jian)设(she),科(ke)学(xue)(xue)(xue)规划(hua)大中小(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)课(ke)程,分类制(zhi)定(ding)课(ke)程标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun),充分利用现(xian)(xian)代信(xin)息技术,丰富并创新(xin)课(ke)程形式。健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)国家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材制(zhi)度,统(tong)筹为(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、统(tong)分结合、分类指导(dao),增(zeng)强(qiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材的(de)(de)思想(xiang)性、科(ke)学(xue)(xue)(xue)性、民(min)族性、时代性、系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)性,完善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材编(bian)写、修(xiu)订(ding)、审查、选(xuan)用、退出机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。创新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)养(yang)(yang)(yang)方式,推(tui)行启(qi)发式、探(tan)究式、参与(yu)式、合作(zuo)式等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)方式以及走班制(zhi)、选(xuan)课(ke)制(zhi)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)组织模式,培(pei)养(yang)(yang)(yang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)创新(xin)精神(shen)与(yu)实(shi)践能力(li)。大力(li)推(tui)进校园(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)设(she)。重视家庭(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)和(he)社(she)会(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。构建(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)评(ping)估监测机(ji)(ji)制(zhi),建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)更加科(ke)学(xue)(xue)(xue)公正的(de)(de)考试评(ping)价制(zhi)度,建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)全(quan)(quan)过程、全(quan)(quan)方位(wei)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)养(yang)(yang)(yang)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)反(fan)馈监控体系(xi)(xi)(xi)。
三(san)是推动各级教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)高水平(ping)(ping)高质量普及。以农村为(wei)重点(dian)提(ti)(ti)升学(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)普及水平(ping)(ping),建(jian)立更为(wei)完善的(de)学(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)管理体制、办园体制和投入体制,大(da)力(li)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)公办园,加(jia)快(kuai)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)普惠性民(min)办幼(you)儿(er)园。提(ti)(ti)升义务教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)巩固(gu)水平(ping)(ping),健全控辍保(bao)学(xue)工作责任(ren)体系。提(ti)(ti)升高中阶段教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)普及水平(ping)(ping),推进中等职业(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)和普通(tong)高中教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)协调发(fa)(fa)展(zhan),鼓(gu)励(li)普通(tong)高中多样化有特色(se)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。振兴(xing)中西(xi)部地区高等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。提(ti)(ti)升民(min)族教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)(ping)。
四是实现基(ji)本(ben)公共教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育服(fu)务均(jun)(jun)等化(hua)。提(ti)升(sheng)义务教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育均(jun)(jun)等化(hua)水平,建(jian)(jian)立(li)学(xue)校标(biao)准化(hua)建(jian)(jian)设长效机(ji)制,推(tui)进(jin)(jin)城(cheng)乡义务教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)发展(zhan)。在实现县域(yu)内义务教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育基(ji)本(ben)均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)基(ji)础(chu)上,进(jin)(jin)一步推(tui)进(jin)(jin)优(you)质均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)。推(tui)进(jin)(jin)随迁子(zi)女入学(xue)待遇(yu)同城(cheng)化(hua),有序扩大城(cheng)镇学(xue)位供给。完善流(liu)动(dong)人口子(zi)女异地升(sheng)学(xue)考(kao)试制度。实现困难(nan)群体(ti)帮扶精准化(hua),健(jian)全家庭(ting)经济困难(nan)学(xue)生资助(zhu)体(ti)系,推(tui)进(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育精准脱贫。办好特殊教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育,推(tui)进(jin)(jin)适龄残疾儿(er)童少年教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育全覆盖(gai),全面推(tui)进(jin)(jin)融合教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育,促进(jin)(jin)医教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)结合。
五是构建(jian)服务全民(min)的终(zhong)身(shen)(shen)学(xue)习体系(xi)(xi)。构建(jian)更加(jia)开放畅通的人才成(cheng)长通道(dao),完善(shan)招生入(ru)学(xue)、弹性学(xue)习及继(ji)续教育(yu)制(zhi)度,畅通转换渠道(dao)。建(jian)立全民(min)终(zhong)身(shen)(shen)学(xue)习的制(zhi)度环境(jing),建(jian)立国家(jia)资历框架,建(jian)立跨(kua)(kua)部门跨(kua)(kua)行业(ye)的工(gong)(gong)作机制(zhi)和(he)专业(ye)化(hua)支持体系(xi)(xi)。建(jian)立健全国家(jia)学(xue)分银行制(zhi)度和(he)学(xue)习成(cheng)果认证制(zhi)度。强(qiang)化(hua)职(zhi)业(ye)学(xue)校(xiao)和(he)高等(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)的继(ji)续教育(yu)与社会培训服务功能,开展多类型(xing)多形式的职(zhi)工(gong)(gong)继(ji)续教育(yu)。扩大社区教育(yu)资源供给,加(jia)快发展城乡社区老(lao)年教育(yu),推动各类学(xue)习型(xing)组织建(jian)设。
六是提(ti)升一(yi)(yi)流人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)养(yang)与创(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力。分类建(jian)(jian)设(she)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)世界(jie)一(yi)(yi)流高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao),建(jian)(jian)立完善的(de)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)分类发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)政策体系,引导(dao)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)科(ke)学(xue)定位、特(te)(te)色发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。持(chi)续推(tui)动地方(fang)本科(ke)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)转型发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。加(jia)快发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)现代职(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)(yu),不断优化(hua)职(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)(yu)结构与布局。推(tui)动职(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)(yu)与产(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有(you)机衔(xian)接、深度(du)融合(he),集(ji)中力量建(jian)(jian)成一(yi)(yi)批(pi)中国(guo)特(te)(te)色高(gao)水平(ping)职(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)和专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)。优化(hua)人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)养(yang)结构,综合(he)运用(yong)招生计划、就业(ye)(ye)(ye)反馈、拨款、标(biao)准、评估等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)式,引导(dao)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)和职(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)学(xue)校(xiao)及(ji)时调整(zheng)学(xue)科(ke)专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)结构。加(jia)强(qiang)创(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才特(te)(te)别是拔尖创(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才的(de)培(pei)(pei)养(yang),加(jia)大应用(yong)型、复合(he)型、技术技能(neng)型人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)养(yang)比重。加(jia)强(qiang)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)创(chuang)新(xin)体系建(jian)(jian)设(she),建(jian)(jian)设(she)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)国(guo)际一(yi)(yi)流的(de)国(guo)家科(ke)技创(chuang)新(xin)基地,加(jia)强(qiang)应用(yong)基础研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),全(quan)面提(ti)升高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)原始创(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力。探(tan)索(suo)构建(jian)(jian)产(chan)学(xue)研(yan)(yan)用(yong)深度(du)融合(he)的(de)全(quan)链条(tiao)、网络化(hua)、开放式协同创(chuang)新(xin)联盟。提(ti)高(gao)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)学(xue)校(xiao)哲学(xue)社会科(ke)学(xue)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)水平(ping),加(jia)强(qiang)中国(guo)特(te)(te)色新(xin)型智库建(jian)(jian)设(she)。健全(quan)有(you)利于(yu)激发(fa)(fa)创(chuang)新(xin)活力和促进科(ke)技成果转化(hua)的(de)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)体制。
七是建设高素(su)质(zhi)(zhi)专业(ye)化(hua)(hua)创新型(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)队(dui)伍。大力(li)加(jia)强(qiang)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)风建设,将师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)风作为(wei)评价教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)素(su)质(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)第一标准,推(tui)动师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)建设长效化(hua)(hua)、制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)化(hua)(hua)。加(jia)大教(jiao)(jiao)职(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)统(tong)筹(chou)配置和(he)(he)跨(kua)区(qu)域调(diao)整(zheng)力(li)度(du)(du),切(qie)实(shi)解决教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)结构性、阶段性、区(qu)域性短缺问题。完(wan)善教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)资格体(ti)(ti)系(xi)和(he)(he)准入制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。健(jian)全(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)职(zhi)(zhi)称、岗位(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)考核评价制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。培养高素(su)质(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)队(dui)伍,健(jian)全(quan)以师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)院(yuan)校为(wei)主体(ti)(ti)、高水平非师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)院(yuan)校参与、优(you)质(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)小学(幼儿园(yuan))为(wei)实(shi)践基地(di)(di)的(de)(de)开放、协(xie)同、联动的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)国特(te)色教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育体(ti)(ti)系(xi)。强(qiang)化(hua)(hua)职(zhi)(zhi)前教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培养和(he)(he)职(zhi)(zhi)后教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)发展的(de)(de)有(you)机(ji)衔接(jie)。夯实(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)专业(ye)发展体(ti)(ti)系(xi),推(tui)动教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)终(zhong)身学习和(he)(he)专业(ye)自(zi)主发展。提(ti)高教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)会(hui)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei),完(wan)善教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)待遇保障制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),健(jian)全(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)小学教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)资长效联动机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),全(quan)面落实(shi)集中(zhong)(zhong)连片特(te)困地(di)(di)区(qu)生活补助政策(ce)。加(jia)大教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)表彰力(li)度(du)(du),努力(li)提(ti)高教(jiao)(jiao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政治(zhi)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)、社(she)会(hui)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)、职(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)。
八是加(jia)快信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)时代教(jiao)育(yu)变革(ge)。建(jian)设智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)校园(yuan),统(tong)筹建(jian)设一体化(hua)(hua)(hua)智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)教(jiao)学、管理与(yu)服务(wu)平台。利用现代技术加(jia)快推动人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)养(yang)模式改革(ge),实现规模化(hua)(hua)(hua)教(jiao)育(yu)与(yu)个性(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)培(pei)养(yang)的有机(ji)结合(he)。创新教(jiao)育(yu)服务(wu)业态,建(jian)立数字教(jiao)育(yu)资源共建(jian)共享机(ji)制(zhi),完善(shan)利益分配机(ji)制(zhi)、知识产权保护制(zhi)度和(he)新型(xing)教(jiao)育(yu)服务(wu)监管制(zhi)度。推进(jin)教(jiao)育(yu)治理方(fang)式变革(ge),加(jia)快形成现代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的教(jiao)育(yu)管理与(yu)监测体系(xi),推进(jin)管理精准化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)决策科(ke)学化(hua)(hua)(hua)。
九是开创教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)对外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)开放新(xin)格局。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)提(ti)升(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)平(ping),推动(dong)我国(guo)(guo)(guo)同其他国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)历学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位互(hu)认(ren)、标准(zhun)互(hu)通、经验(yan)互(hu)鉴。扎(zha)实(shi)推进(jin)(jin)“一(yi)(yi)带一(yi)(yi)路”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)行动(dong)。加强与联合(he)(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科文(wen)组织(zhi)等国(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)组织(zhi)和(he)多边组织(zhi)的(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。提(ti)升(sheng)中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)办学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)质量(liang)。优化出国(guo)(guo)(guo)留(liu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)服务。实(shi)施留(liu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)计划(hua),建(jian)立并(bing)完善来华(hua)留(liu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)质量(liang)保障(zhang)机制,全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)提(ti)升(sheng)来华(hua)留(liu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)质量(liang)。推进(jin)(jin)中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)高(gao)级别人文(wen)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)机制建(jian)设,拓展人文(wen)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)领域,促进(jin)(jin)中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)民心相(xiang)通和(he)文(wen)明交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)鉴。促进(jin)(jin)孔子学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)和(he)孔子课(ke)堂特(te)(te)色发展。加快建(jian)设中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色海外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)。鼓励(li)有(you)条件的(de)职业(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)在海外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)建(jian)设“鲁班工坊(fang)”。积极参与全(quan)(quan)球教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)治理,深度参与国(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)规则(ze)、标准(zhun)、评价体系的(de)研究(jiu)制定。推进(jin)(jin)与国(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)组织(zhi)及专(zhuan)业(ye)机构的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。健全(quan)(quan)对外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)援助机制。
十是推(tui)进教(jiao)育治理(li)(li)体(ti)(ti)系(xi)和治理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)现(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)高教(jiao)育法(fa)治化(hua)(hua)水平,构建(jian)完备的教(jiao)育法(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)规体(ti)(ti)系(xi),健全学校办学法(fa)律(lv)(lv)支持(chi)体(ti)(ti)系(xi)。健全教(jiao)育法(fa)律(lv)(lv)实(shi)施和监管(guan)(guan)机(ji)制(zhi)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)升政(zheng)府管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)服务(wu)水平,提(ti)(ti)(ti)升政(zheng)府综(zong)合运(yun)用法(fa)律(lv)(lv)、标准、信息服务(wu)等(deng)现(xian)(xian)代(dai)治理(li)(li)手段(duan)的能(neng)力(li)(li)和水平。健全教(jiao)育督(du)导体(ti)(ti)制(zhi)机(ji)制(zhi),提(ti)(ti)(ti)高教(jiao)育督(du)导的权威性(xing)和实(shi)效性(xing)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)高学校自主管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)(li),完善学校治理(li)(li)结构,继(ji)续加强(qiang)高等(deng)学校章程(cheng)建(jian)设。鼓励民(min)办学校按照非营利性(xing)和营利性(xing)两种组织(zhi)属性(xing)开展现(xian)(xian)代(dai)学校制(zhi)度改革创新。推(tui)动社会(hui)参(can)(can)与教(jiao)育治理(li)(li)常态化(hua)(hua),建(jian)立健全社会(hui)参(can)(can)与学校管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)和教(jiao)育评价监管(guan)(guan)机(ji)制(zhi)。
《中国教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化 2035》明确了实(shi)现(xian)教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化的实(shi)施路径:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)总体(ti)规(gui)(gui)(gui)划(hua)(hua),分(fen)区(qu)推(tui)(tui)进。在国家教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化总体(ti)规(gui)(gui)(gui)划(hua)(hua)框架下,推(tui)(tui)动各地(di)(di)从实(shi)际出发(fa)(fa),制定本(ben)地(di)(di)区(qu)教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化规(gui)(gui)(gui)划(hua)(hua),形成一(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)案、分(fen)区(qu)推(tui)(tui)进教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化的生动局面。二是(shi)细(xi)化目(mu)标,分(fen)步(bu)(bu)推(tui)(tui)进。科学设计(ji)和(he)进一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)细(xi)化不(bu)(bu)同(tong)发(fa)(fa)展阶(jie)段、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)规(gui)(gui)(gui)划(hua)(hua)周期(qi)内的教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化发(fa)(fa)展目(mu)标和(he)重(zhong)点任务,有(you)(you)计(ji)划(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)步(bu)(bu)骤地(di)(di)推(tui)(tui)进教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化。三(san)是(shi)精准施策(ce),统筹推(tui)(tui)进。完善区(qu)域(yu)教(jiao)育(yu)发(fa)(fa)展协作机(ji)制和(he)教(jiao)育(yu)对口支援机(ji)制,深入实(shi)施东西部协作,推(tui)(tui)动不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)区(qu)协同(tong)推(tui)(tui)进教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化建设。四(si)是(shi)改(gai)革先行,系(xi)统推(tui)(tui)进。充(chong)分(fen)发(fa)(fa)挥基层特别是(shi)各级各类学校的积极性和(he)创造性,鼓励(li)大胆(dan)探索、积极改(gai)革创新,形成充(chong)满活力、富有(you)(you)效率、更(geng)加开放(fang)、有(you)(you)利于高(gao)质量发(fa)(fa)展的教(jiao)育(yu)体(ti)制机(ji)制。
为确(que)保教(jiao)育现代化目标(biao)任(ren)务的实(shi)现,《中国教(jiao)育现代化 2035》明确(que)了三个方面(mian)的保障(zhang)措施:
一(yi)(yi)是加强(qiang)党(dang)对(dui)教(jiao)育(yu)工作的(de)全面(mian)(mian)领(ling)导。各(ge)级党(dang)委要把教(jiao)育(yu)改革发(fa)展纳入议(yi)事日程,协调动员各(ge)方面(mian)(mian)力量共同推进教(jiao)育(yu)现(xian)代化(hua)。建立健全党(dang)委统一(yi)(yi)领(ling)导、党(dang)政(zheng)齐抓(zhua)共管、部门各(ge)负其责的(de)教(jiao)育(yu)领(ling)导体(ti)制(zhi)。建设高素(su)质(zhi)专(zhuan)业(ye)化(hua)教(jiao)育(yu)系(xi)统干部队伍。加强(qiang)各(ge)级各(ge)类学校(xiao)党(dang)的(de)领(ling)导和党(dang)的(de)建设工作。深入推进教(jiao)育(yu)系(xi)统全面(mian)(mian)从严治党(dang)、党(dang)风廉(lian)政(zheng)建设和反(fan)腐败斗争。
二是完善教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)现代(dai)化(hua)投(tou)入支(zhi)(zhi)撑(cheng)体(ti)(ti)制。健全(quan)(quan)保(bao)证财(cai)政教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)投(tou)入持续稳定增(zeng)长(zhang)的(de)长(zhang)效(xiao)机(ji)制,确保(bao)财(cai)政一(yi)般公共(gong)预(yu)算(suan)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)只(zhi)增(zeng)不(bu)减,确保(bao)按(an)在校学生人数(shu)平均(jun)的(de)一(yi)般公共(gong)预(yu)算(suan)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)只(zhi)增(zeng)不(bu)减,保(bao)证国(guo)家财(cai)政性教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)经费(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)占国(guo)内生产总值(zhi)的(de)比例一(yi)般不(bu)低于 4%。依法落实各级政府教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)责任,完善多渠道教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)经费(fei)(fei)筹措体(ti)(ti)制,完善国(guo)家、社会(hui)和(he)受教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)者合理(li)分担非义务(wu)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)培养成本的(de)机(ji)制,支(zhi)(zhi)持和(he)规范(fan)社会(hui)力量兴办教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。优化(hua)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)经费(fei)(fei)使用结构(gou),全(quan)(quan)面实施绩效(xiao)管理(li),建立健全(quan)(quan)全(quan)(quan)覆盖全(quan)(quan)过(guo)程全(quan)(quan)方位的(de)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)经费(fei)(fei)监(jian)管体(ti)(ti)系,全(quan)(quan)面提高经费(fei)(fei)使用效(xiao)益。
三是完善(shan)落实机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。建(jian)立协同(tong)规划机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)、健全跨部门统筹协调(diao)机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),建(jian)立教育(yu)发展监测评价机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和督导问责机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),全方位协同(tong)推进(jin)教育(yu)现代(dai)化,形成全社会关心、支持和主动参与(yu)教育(yu)现代(dai)化建(jian)设的良(liang)好氛围。